安哥拉長毛兔形態(tài)特征 安哥拉長毛兔主要價值
發(fā)布日期：2025-12-17
來源：http://www.114gov.cn 發(fā)布人：創(chuàng)始人
長毛兔原譯安哥拉兔，起源于小亞細(xì)亞一帶，名字來自安哥拉城，即土耳其首都安卡拉。安哥拉兔從1723年由英國海員帶到法國，再傳到世界。后來形成了法、英、德和中四個不同的品系，長毛兔有白、黑、粟、藍(lán)、灰、黃等多種顏色，白色兔的眼為紅色，有色兔的眼睛為黑色。長毛兔白色兔毛有利染色，故飼養(yǎng)白色長毛免為普遍。
Angora rabbit, originally translated from Angora rabbit, originated in Asia Minor, and its name comes from Angola City, namely Ankara, the capital of Türkiye. The Angora rabbit was brought to France by British sailors in 1723 and then spread to the world. Later, four different strains were formed, namely French, English, German, and Chinese. Long haired rabbits come in various colors such as white, black, millet, blue, gray, and yellow. White rabbits have red eyes, while colored rabbits have black eyes. Long haired rabbits have white rabbit fur that is conducive to dyeing, so raising white long haired rabbits is the most common.
詳細(xì)介紹 PROFILE+
Detailed Introduction to PROFILE+
常見種類
Common types
德系
German
產(chǎn)于德國，是目前世界上飼養(yǎng)普遍、產(chǎn)毛量的品系。我國自1978年開始引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)。外貌特征。全身披厚密絨毛，被毛有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，不易纏結(jié)，有明顯波浪形彎曲。面部絨毛不甚一致，有的無長毛，也有額毛、頰毛豐盛的，但大部分耳背均無長毛，僅耳尖有。耳長中等、直立，頭型偏寬而短。四肢強(qiáng)壯，肢勢端正，胸部和背部發(fā)育良好。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。德系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)毛量高，被毛密度大、細(xì)長、柔軟，有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，排列整齊，不易纏結(jié)。主要缺點(diǎn)是繁殖性能較低，配種比較困難，初產(chǎn)母兔母性較差，且適應(yīng)性較差。
Produced in Germany, it is currently the most commonly raised and highest yielding strain in the world. China has been introducing animal husbandry since 1978. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with thick and dense fur, with a tuft structure that is not easily tangled and has obvious wavy bends. The facial hair is not very consistent, some without long hair, while others have abundant hair on the forehead and cheeks. However, most of the earlobes do not have long hair, only the tips of the ears. The ears are of medium length and upright, with a broad and short head shape. Strong limbs, upright posture, well-developed chest and back. Main advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of German Angora rabbits are high hair production, dense, slender, and soft fur, with a tuft structure, neatly arranged, and not easily tangled. The main disadvantages are low reproductive performance, difficulty in mating, poor maternal quality of primiparous female rabbits, and poor adaptability.
法系
French legal system
產(chǎn)于法國，選育歷史較長，是目前世界上的粗毛型長毛兔。我國早在20世紀(jì)20年代就開始引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)，1980年以來先后引進(jìn)了.些新法系安哥拉兔。外貌特征。全身披白色長毛，粗毛含量較高。額部、頰部及四肢下部均為短毛，耳寬長而較厚，耳尖無長毛或有!撮短毛，耳背密生短毛，俗稱“光板”。被毛密度差，毛質(zhì)較粗硬，頭型稍尖。新法系安哥拉兔體型較大，體質(zhì)健壯，面部稍長，耳長而薄，腳毛較少。胸部和背部發(fā)育良好，四肢強(qiáng)壯，肢勢端正。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，法系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)毛量較高，兔毛較粗，粗毛含量高，適于紡線和作粗紡原料。適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，耐粗性較好，繁殖力較高。主要缺點(diǎn)是被毛密度較差，面頰及四肢下部無長毛。該免適合以拔毛方式采毛，不宜剪毛。
Produced in France with a long history of breeding, it is currently the world's famous coarse haired long haired rabbit. China began introducing animal husbandry as early as the 1920s and has introduced it since 1980 Some New French Angora rabbits. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with white long hair, with a high content of coarse hair. The forehead, cheeks, and lower limbs are all short haired, the ears are wide, long, and thick, and the tips of the ears have no or no long hair! Cuff short hair, densely covered with short hair on the back of the ear, commonly known as "Guangban". Poor hair density, coarse and hard hair texture, slightly pointed head shape. The New French Angora rabbit has a larger body size, robust physique, slightly longer face, long and thin ears, and less foot hair. The chest and back are well-developed, the limbs are strong, and the body posture is upright. The main advantages and disadvantages of French Angora rabbits are high wool production, thicker rabbit hair, high content of coarse hair, and suitability for spinning threads and as raw materials for coarse spinning. Strong adaptability, good tolerance to roughness, and high reproductive capacity. The main disadvantage is that the hair density is poor, and there is no long hair on the cheeks and lower limbs. This method is suitable for plucking hair and should not be pruned.
8系
8 series
產(chǎn)于日本，生產(chǎn)性能不及德、法系安哥拉兔。我國自1979年引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)，分布在江浙及遼寧等省。外貌特征。全身披白色濃密長毛，粗毛含量較少，不易纏結(jié)。額部、頰部、雙耳外側(cè)及耳尖部均有長毛，額毛有明顯分界線。耳長中等、直立，頭型偏寬而短。四肢強(qiáng)壯，肢勢端正，胸部和背部發(fā)育良好。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。日系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，耐粗性好，繁殖力強(qiáng)，母性好，泌乳性能高。仔兔成活率高，生長發(fā)育正常。主要缺點(diǎn)是體型較小，產(chǎn)毛量較低，兔毛品質(zhì)一般，且個體間差異較大。
Produced in Japan, its production performance is inferior to that of Angora rabbits from Germany and France. Since 1979, China has introduced animal husbandry and it is distributed in provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Liaoning. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with thick white fur, with a low content of coarse hair, which is not easily tangled. There are long hairs on the forehead, cheeks, outer sides of both ears, and tips of the ears, with clear dividing lines on the forehead hair. The ears are of medium length and upright, with a broad and short head shape. Strong limbs, upright posture, well-developed chest and back. Main advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of Japanese Angora rabbits are strong adaptability, good tolerance to roughness, strong reproductive ability, good maternal function, and high lactation performance. The survival rate of young rabbits is high, and their growth and development are normal. The main disadvantages are small body size, low hair production, average quality of rabbit hair, and significant individual differences.
英系
English series
產(chǎn)于英國，偏向于觀賞和細(xì)毛型。我國早在20世紀(jì)20~30年代就開始引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)。外貌特征。全身披白色、蓬松、絲狀絨毛，毛質(zhì)細(xì)軟。頭型偏圓，額毛、頰毛豐滿，耳短厚，耳尖密生絨毛，形似纓穗，有的整個耳背均有長毛，飄出耳外。四肢及趾問腳毛豐盛，背毛自然分開，向兩側(cè)披下。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。英系安哥拉兔的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是繁殖力強(qiáng)，被毛白色、蓬松，可作觀賞用。缺點(diǎn)是被毛密度差，產(chǎn)毛量低，體質(zhì)較弱，抗病力差，且母兔泌乳力較差。
Produced in the UK, it tends to be ornamental and fine haired. China began to introduce animal husbandry as early as the 1920s and 1930s. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with white, fluffy, filamentous fur, with fine and soft texture. The head shape is slightly round, with full frontal and cheek hair, short and thick ears, densely covered with fluff at the tips of the ears, resembling tassels. Some have long hair on the entire back of the ears, floating out of the ears. The limbs, toes, and feet have abundant hair, and the back hair naturally separates and falls down to both sides. Main advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of the English Angora rabbit is its strong reproductive ability, white and fluffy fur, which can be used for ornamental purposes. The disadvantages are poor hair density, low hair production, weak constitution, poor disease resistance, and poor lactation ability of female rabbits.
>丹麥系
>Danish series
原產(chǎn)于丹麥，1980年引入我國。外貌特征。全身披白色、蓬松、柔軟絨毛，頭呈圓形或稍長型，皮膚緊密、細(xì)致，被毛豐滿、濃密，多為短毛。有的耳尖長有!撮長毛，俗稱“1撮毛”。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。丹麥系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是絨毛不易結(jié)塊，產(chǎn)毛量較高主要特點(diǎn)是繁殖性能較差，與德系安哥拉兔繁殖性能相似。
Originating from Denmark, it was introduced to China in 1980. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with white, fluffy, and soft fur, the head is round or slightly long, the skin is tight and delicate, and the coat is full and dense, mostly short hair. Some ears have long tips! Cuo Mao, commonly known as "1 Cuo Mao". Main advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of Danish Angora rabbits are that their fur is not easily clumped and their hair production is high. Their main feature is poor reproductive performance, which is similar to that of German Angora rabbits.
中系
Chinese-style
主要飼養(yǎng)于上海、江蘇、浙江等地，系引進(jìn)法系和英系安哥拉兔互相雜交，并導(dǎo)人白兔血液，經(jīng)長期選育而成，1959年正式通過鑒走，命名為中系安哥拉兔。
Mainly raised in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, the Angora rabbit is introduced from the French and English lineages and crossbred with each other, and introduced into the blood of Chinese white rabbits. After long-term breeding, it was officially named the Chinese Angora rabbit in 1959.
外貌特征。中系兔的主要特征是全耳毛，獅子頭，老虎爪。耳長中等，整個耳背和耳尖均密生細(xì)長絨毛，飄出耳外，俗稱“全耳毛”。頭寬而短，額毛、頰毛異常豐盛，從側(cè)面看，往往看不到眼睛，從正面看，也只是絨球團(tuán)。腳毛豐盛，趾間及腳底均密生絨毛。骨骼細(xì)致，皮膚稍厚，體型清秀。
Appearance features. The main characteristics of Chinese rabbits are full ear hair, lion head, and tiger claws. The ear length is medium, and the entire back and tip of the ear are densely covered with slender hairs that float out of the ear, commonly known as "whole ear hair". The head is wide and short, with exceptionally abundant hair on the forehead and cheeks. When viewed from the side, the eyes are often not visible, and when viewed from the front, they are only fluffy balls. The foot hair is abundant, with dense fuzz between the toes and on the soles of the feet. The bones are delicate, the skin is slightly thick, and the body shape is delicate.
主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，中系兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是性成熟早，繁殖力強(qiáng)，母性好，仔兔成活率高適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，較耐粗飼。體毛潔白，細(xì)長柔軟形似雪球，可兼作觀賞用。主要缺點(diǎn)是體型小，生長慢。產(chǎn)毛量低，被毛纖細(xì)，結(jié)塊率較高，一般可達(dá)15%左右，公兔尤高。
The main advantages and disadvantages of Chinese rabbits are early sexual maturity, strong reproductive ability, good maternal function, high survival rate of offspring, strong adaptability, and tolerance to coarse feeding. The body hair is pure white, slender and soft, resembling a snowball, and can also be used for ornamental purposes. The main disadvantages are small body size and slow growth. Low hair production, fine coat, high clumping rate, generally up to 15%, especially for male rabbits.
形態(tài)及特征
Form and characteristics
毛發(fā)很濃密且是豎起的，但卻不會像其它安哥拉免般常常掉毛，而質(zhì)地亦較為堅韌。德系兔屬細(xì)毛型，被毛密度大，每平方厘米達(dá)16000-18000根。有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，不易纏結(jié)，產(chǎn)毛量高，年產(chǎn)毛量公兔為1190克，母兔為1406克，者達(dá)1700-2000克，毛長5.5-5.9厘米，年整殖3-4胎，每胎產(chǎn)仔6-7只，配種受胎率為53 6%本地安哥拉兔是我國在英系、法系安哥拉兔雜交的基礎(chǔ)上摻入我國本地兔的血統(tǒng)并經(jīng)長期選育而形成，其腳如虎爪，腳毛豐盛,背毛腹毛齊全。本地安哥拉免體型較小，骨骼較細(xì)，成年體重2.5~3.0千克。成年雄性兔體重達(dá)4.5千克，雌兔達(dá)4.9千克。公兔年產(chǎn)毛量為1千克以上，母兔1.2千克以上，毛質(zhì)量好，不易結(jié)塊，特一級毛的比例占總產(chǎn)毛量的75%以上。母兔初配年齡200日齡，年產(chǎn)4.5窩，胎產(chǎn)活仔7.2只。
The hair is thick and erect, but it does not shed hair as frequently as other Angolans, and the texture is also relatively tough. German rabbits belong to the fine haired type, with a high hair density of 16000-18000 hairs per square centimeter. The Angora rabbit has a tuft structure, is not easily tangled, and has a high hair production. The annual hair production of male rabbits is 1190 grams, and that of female rabbits is 1406 grams, with the highest reaching 1700-2000 grams. The hair length is 5.5-5.9 centimeters, and there are 3-4 litters per year, with 6-7 offspring per litter. The breeding and conception rate is 53.6%. The Angora rabbit is a hybrid of English and French Angora rabbits in China, with the addition of local rabbit bloodlines and long-term breeding. Its feet are like tiger claws, with abundant foot hair and complete dorsal and ventral hair. Local Angolans have a smaller body size and thinner bones, with an adult weight of 2.5-3.0 kilograms. Adult male rabbits weigh 4.5 kilograms, while female rabbits weigh up to 4.9 kilograms. The annual hair production of male rabbits is over 1 kilogram, and that of female rabbits is over 1.2 kilograms. The hair quality is good and not easy to clump. The proportion of special grade hair accounts for more than 75% of the total hair production. The first mating age of the female rabbit is 200 days old, with an annual production of 4.5 litters and 7.2 live offspring.
我孥鋒的推屆演1銫?謳巔彌鄭年底餓始稭觴灶引進(jìn)德系安哥拉兔，剛引進(jìn)時，對我國的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性較差，抗病力差，體型外貌不一致，遺傳性不穩(wěn)定，對飼養(yǎng)管理條件要求高。經(jīng)過多年的適應(yīng)和培育，該兔的成年兔體重平均4.23千克，比原種提高10.92%，平均年產(chǎn)毛量781克左右，一次剪毛量比原種提高11.27%。
I, Ying Feng, introduced the German Angora rabbit to our country at the end of the year. When it was first introduced, it had poor adaptability to the environment, poor disease resistance, inconsistent body shape and appearance, genetic instability, and high requirements for feeding and management conditions. After years of adaptation and cultivation, the average weight of adult rabbits in this rabbit is 4.23 kilograms, which is 10.92% higher than the original breed. The average annual hair production is about 781 grams, and the amount of hair cut per time is 11.27% higher than the original breed.
飼養(yǎng)方法
Feeding method
三觀察
Three observations
一觀察兔的精神狀態(tài)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)免精神不振，眼睛無神，眼角濕潤，耳色過紅或過青，背毛蓬亂，臥伏不起或打噴，呼吸急促，這是兔不健康的表現(xiàn)。二觀察兔的食欲情況，不健康免食欲不振，吃得少或蹲在一旁拒食。三觀察兔糞形狀的變化?；寄c胃病的兔，糞便一頭尖;患便秘的兔，糞干硬，大小不一致。
When observing the mental state of a rabbit, if it is found to be lacking in energy, with lifeless eyes, moist corners of the eyes, ears that are too red or too green, messy back hair, inability to get up or spray, and rapid breathing, these are unhealthy manifestations of the rabbit. Observe the appetite of the rabbit, and if it is unhealthy, it may lead to loss of appetite, eating less or squatting on the side to refuse to eat. Observe the changes in the shape of rabbit feces. Rabbits suffering from gastrointestinal diseases have a pointed head of feces; Rabbits suffering from constipation have dry and hard feces of varying sizes.
五不喂
Five not feeding
是不喂露水草;二是不喂腐爛發(fā)霉的飼料;三是不喂帶泥、帶沙土的飼料;四是不喂異味的草;五是有些飼料在某些生長階段
Not feeding dew water plants; Secondly, do not feed on rotten or moldy feed; Thirdly, do not feed feed with mud or sand; The fourth is not to feed with smelly grass; Number five, some feed is available at certain growth stages
不能喂，如蕎麥開花時，亞麻在籽粒、冠莖成熟時有毒，土豆特別是未成熟的土豆不能喂。
Cannot be fed, such as when buckwheat blooms, flax is toxic when the seeds and stems mature, and potatoes, especially immature potatoes, cannot be fed.
》九注意
》Nine Attention
一要注意預(yù)防疾病。二要注意選好種兔。三要注意適時選配。四要注意種兔管理，公母免都不能喂得過肥過瘦。公兔在配種期料量應(yīng)增加25%，適當(dāng)喂些豆類及大麥芽等:適時增加母兔營養(yǎng)，催情保胎，避免死胎。五要注意仔兔管理。應(yīng)搞好母兔的產(chǎn)仔哺乳、飼喂、斷乳及分群管理(大小兔分開飼養(yǎng)，每放15只為宜)。六要注意飼料多樣化。七要注意給有特殊情況的兔"吃偏飯"。在飼喂中對老、弱、病、殘、孕兔、哺乳母兔、仔幼免都要適當(dāng)照顧，每天喂食4-5次;對病免要單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)和，防止傳染。八要注意籠舍的方向和大小。夏朝東，冬朝南，兔籠長度大于兔體長的3倍，高出免體1.5倍。九要注意防止兔受三怕:一怕驚嚇，二怕潮濕，三怕曝曬。
One must pay attention to preventing diseases. Secondly, it is important to choose the right breed of rabbits. Pay attention to timely selection and matching. Attention should be paid to rabbit breeding management, and both males and females should not be fed too fat or too thin. During the mating period, male rabbits should increase their feed intake by 25% and be fed with appropriate amounts of beans and barley malt. Female rabbits should also be given timely nutrition to promote estrus and prevent stillbirth. Pay attention to the management of young rabbits. We should do a good job in the birth, feeding, weaning, and grouping management of female rabbits (separate feeding of large and small rabbits, with 15 rabbits per square meter). Pay attention to the diversification of feed. Pay attention to providing special meals for rabbits with special circumstances. During feeding, appropriate care should be taken for the elderly, weak, sick, disabled, pregnant rabbits, nursing mothers, and young rabbits, feeding them 4-5 times a day; Disease control should be raised and treated separately to prevent transmission. Pay attention to the direction and size of the cage. Summer faces east, winter faces south, and the length of the rabbit cage is greater than three times the length of the rabbit's body and 1.5 times higher than the free body. Nine precautions should be taken to prevent rabbits from being afraid of three things: first, being scared, second, being damp, and third, being exposed to sunlight.
科學(xué)采毛
Scientific hair harvesting
選擇合適的采毛時間和采毛方法，不僅能提高兔毛的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量，還有利于種兔的配種繁殖。另外，適當(dāng)縮短長毛免采毛的間隔時間，還可以增加長毛兔的年產(chǎn)毛量。長毛兔的采毛方法主要有剪毛和拔毛2種，拔毛又分為拔光和拔長留短2類。不同種類的長毛兔，采用的拔毛方法也不一樣，粗毛型兔宜采用手拔毛，絨毛型兔則以剪毛為好。采用剪毛方式來毛，速度快、省時間，對幼兔、母兔沒有不良影響，采用拔長留短則可以提高優(yōu)級毛數(shù)量，而采用拔光的方法既可以提高粗毛質(zhì)量，還可以提高產(chǎn)毛總產(chǎn)量。
Choosing the appropriate hair harvesting time and method can not only improve the yield and quality of rabbit hair, but also facilitate the breeding and reproduction of breeding rabbits. In addition, appropriately shortening the interval between long haired rabbits without hair harvesting can also increase the annual hair production of long haired rabbits. There are two main methods for harvesting the fur of long haired rabbits: shearing and plucking, which can be further divided into two categories: plucking the fur completely and plucking the long and leaving the short. Different types of long haired rabbits use different methods of plucking their fur. Coarse haired rabbits should be plucked by hand, while hairy rabbits should be pruned. Using shearing method for hair production is fast, time-saving, and has no adverse effects on young and female rabbits. Pulling out the long and leaving the short can increase the quantity of high-quality hair, while using the method of pulling out the light can not only improve the quality of coarse hair, but also increase the total yield of hair production.
采毛時，一般從背部中線開始，由后向前推剪，依次為體側(cè)、臀部、頸部、頜下、頭部、腹部和四肢，也可以按照習(xí)慣進(jìn)行。需要提醒的是，不能傷到長毛兔的皮膚，尤其是母兔的乳頭，防止粗暴拔毛，萬一失手傷到皮膚，應(yīng)立即搽碘酒、止血。剪毛要一刀剪斷，不剪二茬毛，以免降低兔毛等級。采毛時要邊采毛邊分級，將兔毛按級存放和保管。季節(jié)不同，采毛方法也不相同，夏季剪毛方式，剪毛盡量選擇早、晚涼爽時進(jìn)行，冬季采用拔毛方式，對于妊娠的母兔，還應(yīng)留下腹毛。另外，采毛的器械還要注意，病兔剪毛必須單獨(dú)進(jìn)行，以防止皮膚病及其他傳染病傳播。
When collecting hair, it is generally started from the midline of the back, pushed and cut from back to front, in order of the body side, buttocks, neck, submandibular area, head, abdomen, and limbs. It can also be done according to habits. It should be noted that the skin of long haired rabbits, especially the nipples of female rabbits, should not be injured to prevent rough plucking. In case of accidental skin injury, iodine solution should be immediately applied for disinfection and hemostasis. To cut the rabbit hair, one should cut it with one knife, not two strands, in order to avoid lowering the grade of the rabbit hair. When collecting fur, it is necessary to classify the raw edges and store and preserve the rabbit fur according to the grade. The methods of harvesting fur vary depending on the season. In summer, it is best to prune the fur, preferably in the cool early or late hours. In winter, it is best to pluck the fur. For pregnant female rabbits, abdominal fur should also be left behind. In addition, the equipment used for hair collection should also be disinfected, and the shearing of diseased rabbits must be done separately to prevent the spread of skin diseases and other infectious diseases.
四、病害防治
4、 Disease prevention and control
1、堅持自繁自養(yǎng)，新購?fù)酶綦x觀察為了防止傳染病的侵入，是自繁自養(yǎng)，確需引種時，要從非疫區(qū)購買。購入后隔離飼養(yǎng)2周以上，確認(rèn)無病后方可放入兔場飼養(yǎng)。
1. Adhere to self breeding and self raising, and isolate newly purchased rabbits for observation. In order to prevent the invasion of infectious diseases, it is best to self breed and self raise. If introduction is necessary, it should be purchased from non epidemic areas. After purchase, isolate and raise for more than 2 weeks, and confirm that there is no disease before putting it into the rabbit farm for breeding.
2、搞好衛(wèi)生衛(wèi)生是防病的重要一環(huán)，通過以減少和消滅環(huán)境中的病原體，切斷傳播途徑。飼養(yǎng)人員要求在更衣、換鞋、洗手后進(jìn)入兔舍，進(jìn)入場區(qū)的大門口應(yīng)設(shè)池。外來工具、物品要經(jīng)后再使用，常用工具及時清洗和曬。免舍、兔籠要堅持每天清掃一次，每周帶免一次。
2. Good hygiene and disinfection is an important part of disease prevention. Through disinfection, pathogens in the environment can be reduced and eliminated, and transmission routes can be cut off. Breeding personnel are required to enter the rabbit house after changing clothes, shoes, and washing hands, and a disinfection pool should be set up at the entrance of the field. Foreign tools and items should be disinfected before use, and commonly used tools should be cleaned, disinfected, and sun dried in a timely manner. Free sheds and rabbit cages should be cleaned once a day and disinfected once a week.
3、搞好免疫免疫是控制傳染病發(fā)生的一種重要手段，免疫搞好了，疫病就能得到有效的控制。由于各地區(qū)、各免場的疫病流行情況不同，因此也就不可能有一個可供各地統(tǒng)一使用的免疫程序，這就需要各養(yǎng)免場在實踐中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，制定符合具體情況的免疫程序。下面是幾種常見病的免疫方法:
3. Improving immunity is an important means of controlling the occurrence of infectious diseases. Once immunity is improved, the disease can be effectively controlled. Due to the different epidemic situations in various regions and immunization sites, it is impossible to have a unified immunization program that can be used in different areas. This requires each immunization site to summarize their experience in practice and develop the best immunization program that is suitable for specific situations. Here are several common immunization methods for diseases:
兔瘟。仔兔40~45日齡皮下注射兔瘟蜂膠疫苗1筆升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，在60日齡時再加強(qiáng)免疫接種一次，以后每6個月免疫注射一次。若本病發(fā)生流行，在流行地區(qū)需加倍劑量免接種。兔巴氏桿菌病。仔兔斷奶后每只注射兔離巴氏桿菌苗1毫升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。魏氏梭菌病。斷奶仔兔皮下注射魏氏梭菌苗2毫升，以后每5~6個月免疫注射一次。大腸桿菌病。仔兔20日齡開始注射大腸桿菌多價菌，每次皮下注射1升，待仔兔斷奶后再免疫一次，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月免疫一次。
Rabbit plague. At 40-45 days of age, young rabbits are subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of rabbit plague propolis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Pasteurella dual vaccine. At 60 days of age, they will receive another booster immunization, and then every 6 months thereafter. If this disease spreads, double the dose of vaccination is required in the epidemic area. Rabbit Pasteurella disease. After weaning, each piglet rabbit is injected with 1 milliliter of rabbit free Bacillus subtilis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Bacillus subtilis conjugate vaccine, and then injected every 4 months thereafter. Clostridium difficile disease. Weaned rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 2 milliliters of Clostridium difficile vaccine, and then immunized every 5-6 months thereafter. Escherichia coli disease. Starting from 20 days old, the piglets were injected with multivalent Escherichia coli bacteria subcutaneously at a dose of 1 liter each time. After weaning, the piglets were immunized again subcutaneously at a dose of 2 milliliters, and then immunized every 4 months thereafter.
波氏桿菌病。仔兔18日齡皮下注射波氏桿菌病菌苗1升，一周后強(qiáng)化免疫，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。
Bordetella infection. 18 day old rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of Bacillus subtilis vaccine. One week later, they were strengthened with 2 milliliters of the vaccine and injected every 4 months thereafter.
葡萄球菌病。在母免配種前皮下注射葡萄球菌病菌苗2毫升，保護(hù)期為4個月。
Staphylococcus disease. Subcutaneous injection of 2 milliliters of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine before maternal mating, with a protection period of 4 months.
五、價值及其他
5、 Value and Others
安哥拉兔適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。在我國北方也科飼養(yǎng)。產(chǎn)毛量高，被毛密度大、細(xì)長、柔軟，有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，排列整齊，不易纏結(jié)。產(chǎn)毛量:公兔已達(dá)1720克，母免已達(dá)2036克。具有極高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。采毛時，一般從背部中線開始，由后向前推剪，依次為體側(cè)、臀部、頸部、頜下、頭部、腹部和四肢，也可以按照習(xí)慣進(jìn)行。需要提醒的是，不能傷到長毛兔的皮膚，尤其是母兔的乳頭，防止粗暴拔毛，萬一失手傷到皮膚，應(yīng)立即搽碘酒、止血。剪毛要一刀剪斷，不剪二茬毛，以免降低兔毛等級。采毛時要邊采毛邊分級，將兔毛按級存放和保管。季節(jié)不同，采毛方法也不相同，夏季剪毛方式，剪毛盡量選擇早、晚涼爽時進(jìn)行，冬季采用拔毛方式，對于妊娠的母兔，還應(yīng)留下腹毛。另外，采毛的器械還要注意，病兔剪毛必須單獨(dú)進(jìn)行，以防止皮膚病及其他傳染病傳播。
Angora rabbits have strong adaptability. It is also domesticated in northern China. High hair production, dense, slender, and soft coat, with a tuft structure arranged neatly and not easily tangled. The highest yield of wool: male rabbits have reached 1720 grams, and female rabbits have reached 2036 grams. Has extremely high economic value. When collecting hair, it is generally started from the midline of the back, pushed and cut from back to front, in order of the body side, buttocks, neck, submandibular area, head, abdomen, and limbs. It can also be done according to habits. It should be noted that the skin of long haired rabbits, especially the nipples of female rabbits, should not be injured to prevent rough plucking. In case of accidental skin injury, iodine solution should be immediately applied for disinfection and hemostasis. To cut the rabbit hair, one should cut it with one knife, not two strands, in order to avoid lowering the grade of the rabbit hair. When collecting fur, it is necessary to classify the raw edges and store and preserve the rabbit fur according to the grade. The methods of harvesting fur vary depending on the season. In summer, it is best to prune the fur, preferably in the cool early or late hours. In winter, it is best to pluck the fur. For pregnant female rabbits, abdominal fur should also be left behind. In addition, the equipment used for hair collection should also be disinfected, and the shearing of diseased rabbits must be done separately to prevent the spread of skin diseases and other infectious diseases.
四、病害防治
4、 Disease prevention and control
1、堅持自繁自養(yǎng)，新購?fù)酶綦x觀察為了防止傳染病的侵入，是自繁自養(yǎng)，確需引種時，要從非疫區(qū)購買。購入后隔離飼養(yǎng)2周以上，確認(rèn)無病后方可放入兔場飼養(yǎng)。
1. Adhere to self breeding and self raising, and isolate newly purchased rabbits for observation. In order to prevent the invasion of infectious diseases, it is best to self breed and self raise. If introduction is necessary, it should be purchased from non epidemic areas. After purchase, isolate and raise for more than 2 weeks, and confirm that there is no disease before putting it into the rabbit farm for breeding.
2、搞好衛(wèi)生衛(wèi)生是防病的重要一環(huán)，通過以減少和消滅環(huán)境中的病原體，切斷傳播途徑。飼養(yǎng)人員要求在更衣、換鞋、洗手后進(jìn)入兔舍，進(jìn)入場區(qū)的大門口應(yīng)設(shè)池。外來工具、物品要經(jīng)后再使用，常用工具及時清洗和曬。免舍、兔籠要堅持每天清掃一次，每周帶免一次。
2. Good hygiene and disinfection is an important part of disease prevention. Through disinfection, pathogens in the environment can be reduced and eliminated, and transmission routes can be cut off. Breeding personnel are required to enter the rabbit house after changing clothes, shoes, and washing hands, and a disinfection pool should be set up at the entrance of the field. Foreign tools and items should be disinfected before use, and commonly used tools should be cleaned, disinfected, and sun dried in a timely manner. Free sheds and rabbit cages should be cleaned once a day and disinfected once a week.
3、搞好免疫免疫是控制傳染病發(fā)生的一種重要手段，免疫搞好了，疫病就能得到有效的控制。由于各地區(qū)、各免場的疫病流行情況不同，因此也就不可能有一個可供各地統(tǒng)一使用的免疫程序，這就需要各養(yǎng)免場在實踐中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，制定符合具體情況的免疫程序。下面是幾種常見病的免疫方法:
3. Improving immunity is an important means of controlling the occurrence of infectious diseases. Once immunity is improved, the disease can be effectively controlled. Due to the different epidemic situations in various regions and immunization sites, it is impossible to have a unified immunization program that can be used in different areas. This requires each immunization site to summarize their experience in practice and develop the best immunization program that is suitable for specific situations. Here are several common immunization methods for diseases:
兔瘟。仔兔40~45日齡皮下注射兔瘟蜂膠疫苗1筆升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，在60日齡時再加強(qiáng)免疫接種一次，以后每6個月免疫注射一次。若本病發(fā)生流行，在流行地區(qū)需加倍劑量免接種。兔巴氏桿菌病。仔兔斷奶后每只注射兔離巴氏桿菌苗1毫升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。魏氏梭菌病。斷奶仔兔皮下注射魏氏梭菌苗2毫升，以后每5~6個月免疫注射一次。大腸桿菌病。仔兔20日齡開始注射大腸桿菌多價菌，每次皮下注射1升，待仔兔斷奶后再免疫一次，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月免疫一次。
Rabbit plague. At 40-45 days of age, young rabbits are subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of rabbit plague propolis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Pasteurella dual vaccine. At 60 days of age, they will receive another booster immunization, and then every 6 months thereafter. If this disease spreads, double the dose of vaccination is required in the epidemic area. Rabbit Pasteurella disease. After weaning, each piglet rabbit is injected with 1 milliliter of rabbit free Bacillus subtilis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Bacillus subtilis conjugate vaccine, and then injected every 4 months thereafter. Clostridium difficile disease. Weaned rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 2 milliliters of Clostridium difficile vaccine, and then immunized every 5-6 months thereafter. Escherichia coli disease. Starting from 20 days old, the piglets were injected with multivalent Escherichia coli bacteria subcutaneously at a dose of 1 liter each time. After weaning, the piglets were immunized again subcutaneously at a dose of 2 milliliters, and then immunized every 4 months thereafter.
波氏桿菌病。仔兔18日齡皮下注射波氏桿菌病菌苗1升，一周后強(qiáng)化免疫，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。
Bordetella infection. 18 day old rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of Bacillus subtilis vaccine. One week later, they were strengthened with 2 milliliters of the vaccine and injected every 4 months thereafter.
葡萄球菌病。在母免配種前皮下注射葡萄球菌病菌苗2毫升，保護(hù)期為4個月。
Staphylococcus disease. Subcutaneous injection of 2 milliliters of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine before maternal mating, with a protection period of 4 months.
五、價值及其他
5、 Value and Others
安哥拉兔適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。在我國北方也科飼養(yǎng)。產(chǎn)毛量高，被毛密度大、細(xì)長、柔軟，有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，排列整齊，不易纏結(jié)。產(chǎn)毛量:公兔已達(dá)1720克，母免已達(dá)2036克。具有極高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。
Angora rabbits have strong adaptability. It is also domesticated in northern China. High hair production, dense, slender, and soft coat, with a tuft structure arranged neatly and not easily tangled. The highest yield of wool: male rabbits have reached 1720 grams, and female rabbits have reached 2036 grams. Has extremely high economic value.
本文由 長毛兔 友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識請點(diǎn)擊 http://www.114gov.cn/ 真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請期待.長毛兔原譯安哥拉兔，起源于小亞細(xì)亞一帶，名字來自安哥拉城，即土耳其首都安卡拉。安哥拉兔從1723年由英國海員帶到法國，再傳到世界。后來形成了法、英、德和中四個不同的品系，長毛兔有白、黑、粟、藍(lán)、灰、黃等多種顏色，白色兔的眼為紅色，有色兔的眼睛為黑色。長毛兔白色兔毛有利染色，故飼養(yǎng)白色長毛免為普遍。
This article is a friendly contribution from Long haired Rabbit For more related knowledge, please click http://www.114gov.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon. Angora rabbit, originally translated from Angora rabbit, originated in Asia Minor, and its name comes from Angola City, namely Ankara, the capital of Türkiye. The Angora rabbit was brought to France by British sailors in 1723 and then spread to the world. Later, four different strains were formed, namely French, English, German, and Chinese. Long haired rabbits come in various colors such as white, black, millet, blue, gray, and yellow. White rabbits have red eyes, while colored rabbits have black eyes. Long haired rabbits have white rabbit fur that is conducive to dyeing, so raising white long haired rabbits is the most common.
詳細(xì)介紹 PROFILE+
Detailed Introduction to PROFILE+
常見種類
Common types
德系
German
產(chǎn)于德國，是目前世界上飼養(yǎng)普遍、產(chǎn)毛量的品系。我國自1978年開始引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)。外貌特征。全身披厚密絨毛，被毛有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，不易纏結(jié)，有明顯波浪形彎曲。面部絨毛不甚一致，有的無長毛，也有額毛、頰毛豐盛的，但大部分耳背均無長毛，僅耳尖有。耳長中等、直立，頭型偏寬而短。四肢強(qiáng)壯，肢勢端正，胸部和背部發(fā)育良好。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。德系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)毛量高，被毛密度大、細(xì)長、柔軟，有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，排列整齊，不易纏結(jié)。主要缺點(diǎn)是繁殖性能較低，配種比較困難，初產(chǎn)母兔母性較差，且適應(yīng)性較差。
Produced in Germany, it is currently the most commonly raised and highest yielding strain in the world. China has been introducing animal husbandry since 1978. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with thick and dense fur, with a tuft structure that is not easily tangled and has obvious wavy bends. The facial hair is not very consistent, some without long hair, while others have abundant hair on the forehead and cheeks. However, most of the earlobes do not have long hair, only the tips of the ears. The ears are of medium length and upright, with a broad and short head shape. Strong limbs, upright posture, well-developed chest and back. Main advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of German Angora rabbits are high hair production, dense, slender, and soft fur, with a tuft structure, neatly arranged, and not easily tangled. The main disadvantages are low reproductive performance, difficulty in mating, poor maternal quality of primiparous female rabbits, and poor adaptability.
法系
French legal system
產(chǎn)于法國，選育歷史較長，是目前世界上的粗毛型長毛兔。我國早在20世紀(jì)20年代就開始引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)，1980年以來先后引進(jìn)了.些新法系安哥拉兔。外貌特征。全身披白色長毛，粗毛含量較高。額部、頰部及四肢下部均為短毛，耳寬長而較厚，耳尖無長毛或有!撮短毛，耳背密生短毛，俗稱“光板”。被毛密度差，毛質(zhì)較粗硬，頭型稍尖。新法系安哥拉兔體型較大，體質(zhì)健壯，面部稍長，耳長而薄，腳毛較少。胸部和背部發(fā)育良好，四肢強(qiáng)壯，肢勢端正。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，法系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)毛量較高，兔毛較粗，粗毛含量高，適于紡線和作粗紡原料。適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，耐粗性較好，繁殖力較高。主要缺點(diǎn)是被毛密度較差，面頰及四肢下部無長毛。該免適合以拔毛方式采毛，不宜剪毛。
Produced in France with a long history of breeding, it is currently the world's famous coarse haired long haired rabbit. China began introducing animal husbandry as early as the 1920s and has introduced it since 1980 Some New French Angora rabbits. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with white long hair, with a high content of coarse hair. The forehead, cheeks, and lower limbs are all short haired, the ears are wide, long, and thick, and the tips of the ears have no or no long hair! Cuff short hair, densely covered with short hair on the back of the ear, commonly known as "Guangban". Poor hair density, coarse and hard hair texture, slightly pointed head shape. The New French Angora rabbit has a larger body size, robust physique, slightly longer face, long and thin ears, and less foot hair. The chest and back are well-developed, the limbs are strong, and the body posture is upright. The main advantages and disadvantages of French Angora rabbits are high wool production, thicker rabbit hair, high content of coarse hair, and suitability for spinning threads and as raw materials for coarse spinning. Strong adaptability, good tolerance to roughness, and high reproductive capacity. The main disadvantage is that the hair density is poor, and there is no long hair on the cheeks and lower limbs. This method is suitable for plucking hair and should not be pruned.
8系
8 series
產(chǎn)于日本，生產(chǎn)性能不及德、法系安哥拉兔。我國自1979年引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)，分布在江浙及遼寧等省。外貌特征。全身披白色濃密長毛，粗毛含量較少，不易纏結(jié)。額部、頰部、雙耳外側(cè)及耳尖部均有長毛，額毛有明顯分界線。耳長中等、直立，頭型偏寬而短。四肢強(qiáng)壯，肢勢端正，胸部和背部發(fā)育良好。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。日系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，耐粗性好，繁殖力強(qiáng)，母性好，泌乳性能高。仔兔成活率高，生長發(fā)育正常。主要缺點(diǎn)是體型較小，產(chǎn)毛量較低，兔毛品質(zhì)一般，且個體間差異較大。
Produced in Japan, its production performance is inferior to that of Angora rabbits from Germany and France. Since 1979, China has introduced animal husbandry and it is distributed in provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Liaoning. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with thick white fur, with a low content of coarse hair, which is not easily tangled. There are long hairs on the forehead, cheeks, outer sides of both ears, and tips of the ears, with clear dividing lines on the forehead hair. The ears are of medium length and upright, with a broad and short head shape. Strong limbs, upright posture, well-developed chest and back. Main advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of Japanese Angora rabbits are strong adaptability, good tolerance to roughness, strong reproductive ability, good maternal function, and high lactation performance. The survival rate of young rabbits is high, and their growth and development are normal. The main disadvantages are small body size, low hair production, average quality of rabbit hair, and significant individual differences.
英系
English series
產(chǎn)于英國，偏向于觀賞和細(xì)毛型。我國早在20世紀(jì)20~30年代就開始引進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)。外貌特征。全身披白色、蓬松、絲狀絨毛，毛質(zhì)細(xì)軟。頭型偏圓，額毛、頰毛豐滿，耳短厚，耳尖密生絨毛，形似纓穗，有的整個耳背均有長毛，飄出耳外。四肢及趾問腳毛豐盛，背毛自然分開，向兩側(cè)披下。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。英系安哥拉兔的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是繁殖力強(qiáng)，被毛白色、蓬松，可作觀賞用。缺點(diǎn)是被毛密度差，產(chǎn)毛量低，體質(zhì)較弱，抗病力差，且母兔泌乳力較差。
Produced in the UK, it tends to be ornamental and fine haired. China began to introduce animal husbandry as early as the 1920s and 1930s. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with white, fluffy, filamentous fur, with fine and soft texture. The head shape is slightly round, with full frontal and cheek hair, short and thick ears, densely covered with fluff at the tips of the ears, resembling tassels. Some have long hair on the entire back of the ears, floating out of the ears. The limbs, toes, and feet have abundant hair, and the back hair naturally separates and falls down to both sides. Main advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of the English Angora rabbit is its strong reproductive ability, white and fluffy fur, which can be used for ornamental purposes. The disadvantages are poor hair density, low hair production, weak constitution, poor disease resistance, and poor lactation ability of female rabbits.
>丹麥系
>Danish series
原產(chǎn)于丹麥，1980年引入我國。外貌特征。全身披白色、蓬松、柔軟絨毛，頭呈圓形或稍長型，皮膚緊密、細(xì)致，被毛豐滿、濃密，多為短毛。有的耳尖長有!撮長毛，俗稱“1撮毛”。主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。丹麥系安哥拉兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是絨毛不易結(jié)塊，產(chǎn)毛量較高主要特點(diǎn)是繁殖性能較差，與德系安哥拉兔繁殖性能相似。
Originating from Denmark, it was introduced to China in 1980. Appearance features. The whole body is covered with white, fluffy, and soft fur, the head is round or slightly long, the skin is tight and delicate, and the coat is full and dense, mostly short hair. Some ears have long tips! Cuo Mao, commonly known as "1 Cuo Mao". Main advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of Danish Angora rabbits are that their fur is not easily clumped and their hair production is high. Their main feature is poor reproductive performance, which is similar to that of German Angora rabbits.
中系
Chinese-style
主要飼養(yǎng)于上海、江蘇、浙江等地，系引進(jìn)法系和英系安哥拉兔互相雜交，并導(dǎo)人白兔血液，經(jīng)長期選育而成，1959年正式通過鑒走，命名為中系安哥拉兔。
Mainly raised in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, the Angora rabbit is introduced from the French and English lineages and crossbred with each other, and introduced into the blood of Chinese white rabbits. After long-term breeding, it was officially named the Chinese Angora rabbit in 1959.
外貌特征。中系兔的主要特征是全耳毛，獅子頭，老虎爪。耳長中等，整個耳背和耳尖均密生細(xì)長絨毛，飄出耳外，俗稱“全耳毛”。頭寬而短，額毛、頰毛異常豐盛，從側(cè)面看，往往看不到眼睛，從正面看，也只是絨球團(tuán)。腳毛豐盛，趾間及腳底均密生絨毛。骨骼細(xì)致，皮膚稍厚，體型清秀。
Appearance features. The main characteristics of Chinese rabbits are full ear hair, lion head, and tiger claws. The ear length is medium, and the entire back and tip of the ear are densely covered with slender hairs that float out of the ear, commonly known as "whole ear hair". The head is wide and short, with exceptionally abundant hair on the forehead and cheeks. When viewed from the side, the eyes are often not visible, and when viewed from the front, they are only fluffy balls. The foot hair is abundant, with dense fuzz between the toes and on the soles of the feet. The bones are delicate, the skin is slightly thick, and the body shape is delicate.
主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，中系兔的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是性成熟早，繁殖力強(qiáng)，母性好，仔兔成活率高適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，較耐粗飼。體毛潔白，細(xì)長柔軟形似雪球，可兼作觀賞用。主要缺點(diǎn)是體型小，生長慢。產(chǎn)毛量低，被毛纖細(xì)，結(jié)塊率較高，一般可達(dá)15%左右，公兔尤高。
The main advantages and disadvantages of Chinese rabbits are early sexual maturity, strong reproductive ability, good maternal function, high survival rate of offspring, strong adaptability, and tolerance to coarse feeding. The body hair is pure white, slender and soft, resembling a snowball, and can also be used for ornamental purposes. The main disadvantages are small body size and slow growth. Low hair production, fine coat, high clumping rate, generally up to 15%, especially for male rabbits.
形態(tài)及特征
Form and characteristics
毛發(fā)很濃密且是豎起的，但卻不會像其它安哥拉免般常常掉毛，而質(zhì)地亦較為堅韌。德系兔屬細(xì)毛型，被毛密度大，每平方厘米達(dá)16000-18000根。有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，不易纏結(jié)，產(chǎn)毛量高，年產(chǎn)毛量公兔為1190克，母兔為1406克，者達(dá)1700-2000克，毛長5.5-5.9厘米，年整殖3-4胎，每胎產(chǎn)仔6-7只，配種受胎率為53 6%本地安哥拉兔是我國在英系、法系安哥拉兔雜交的基礎(chǔ)上摻入我國本地兔的血統(tǒng)并經(jīng)長期選育而形成，其腳如虎爪，腳毛豐盛,背毛腹毛齊全。本地安哥拉免體型較小，骨骼較細(xì)，成年體重2.5~3.0千克。成年雄性兔體重達(dá)4.5千克，雌兔達(dá)4.9千克。公兔年產(chǎn)毛量為1千克以上，母兔1.2千克以上，毛質(zhì)量好，不易結(jié)塊，特一級毛的比例占總產(chǎn)毛量的75%以上。母兔初配年齡200日齡，年產(chǎn)4.5窩，胎產(chǎn)活仔7.2只。
The hair is thick and erect, but it does not shed hair as frequently as other Angolans, and the texture is also relatively tough. German rabbits belong to the fine haired type, with a high hair density of 16000-18000 hairs per square centimeter. The Angora rabbit has a tuft structure, is not easily tangled, and has a high hair production. The annual hair production of male rabbits is 1190 grams, and that of female rabbits is 1406 grams, with the highest reaching 1700-2000 grams. The hair length is 5.5-5.9 centimeters, and there are 3-4 litters per year, with 6-7 offspring per litter. The breeding and conception rate is 53.6%. The Angora rabbit is a hybrid of English and French Angora rabbits in China, with the addition of local rabbit bloodlines and long-term breeding. Its feet are like tiger claws, with abundant foot hair and complete dorsal and ventral hair. Local Angolans have a smaller body size and thinner bones, with an adult weight of 2.5-3.0 kilograms. Adult male rabbits weigh 4.5 kilograms, while female rabbits weigh up to 4.9 kilograms. The annual hair production of male rabbits is over 1 kilogram, and that of female rabbits is over 1.2 kilograms. The hair quality is good and not easy to clump. The proportion of special grade hair accounts for more than 75% of the total hair production. The first mating age of the female rabbit is 200 days old, with an annual production of 4.5 litters and 7.2 live offspring.
我孥鋒的推屆演1銫?謳巔彌鄭年底餓始稭觴灶引進(jìn)德系安哥拉兔，剛引進(jìn)時，對我國的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性較差，抗病力差，體型外貌不一致，遺傳性不穩(wěn)定，對飼養(yǎng)管理條件要求高。經(jīng)過多年的適應(yīng)和培育，該兔的成年兔體重平均4.23千克，比原種提高10.92%，平均年產(chǎn)毛量781克左右，一次剪毛量比原種提高11.27%。
I, Ying Feng, introduced the German Angora rabbit to our country at the end of the year. When it was first introduced, it had poor adaptability to the environment, poor disease resistance, inconsistent body shape and appearance, genetic instability, and high requirements for feeding and management conditions. After years of adaptation and cultivation, the average weight of adult rabbits in this rabbit is 4.23 kilograms, which is 10.92% higher than the original breed. The average annual hair production is about 781 grams, and the amount of hair cut per time is 11.27% higher than the original breed.
飼養(yǎng)方法
Feeding method
三觀察
Three observations
一觀察兔的精神狀態(tài)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)免精神不振，眼睛無神，眼角濕潤，耳色過紅或過青，背毛蓬亂，臥伏不起或打噴，呼吸急促，這是兔不健康的表現(xiàn)。二觀察兔的食欲情況，不健康免食欲不振，吃得少或蹲在一旁拒食。三觀察兔糞形狀的變化?；寄c胃病的兔，糞便一頭尖;患便秘的兔，糞干硬，大小不一致。
When observing the mental state of a rabbit, if it is found to be lacking in energy, with lifeless eyes, moist corners of the eyes, ears that are too red or too green, messy back hair, inability to get up or spray, and rapid breathing, these are unhealthy manifestations of the rabbit. Observe the appetite of the rabbit, and if it is unhealthy, it may lead to loss of appetite, eating less or squatting on the side to refuse to eat. Observe the changes in the shape of rabbit feces. Rabbits suffering from gastrointestinal diseases have a pointed head of feces; Rabbits suffering from constipation have dry and hard feces of varying sizes.
五不喂
Five not feeding
是不喂露水草;二是不喂腐爛發(fā)霉的飼料;三是不喂帶泥、帶沙土的飼料;四是不喂異味的草;五是有些飼料在某些生長階段
Not feeding dew water plants; Secondly, do not feed on rotten or moldy feed; Thirdly, do not feed feed with mud or sand; The fourth is not to feed with smelly grass; Number five, some feed is available at certain growth stages
不能喂，如蕎麥開花時，亞麻在籽粒、冠莖成熟時有毒，土豆特別是未成熟的土豆不能喂。
Cannot be fed, such as when buckwheat blooms, flax is toxic when the seeds and stems mature, and potatoes, especially immature potatoes, cannot be fed.
》九注意
》Nine Attention
一要注意預(yù)防疾病。二要注意選好種兔。三要注意適時選配。四要注意種兔管理，公母免都不能喂得過肥過瘦。公兔在配種期料量應(yīng)增加25%，適當(dāng)喂些豆類及大麥芽等:適時增加母兔營養(yǎng)，催情保胎，避免死胎。五要注意仔兔管理。應(yīng)搞好母兔的產(chǎn)仔哺乳、飼喂、斷乳及分群管理(大小兔分開飼養(yǎng)，每放15只為宜)。六要注意飼料多樣化。七要注意給有特殊情況的兔"吃偏飯"。在飼喂中對老、弱、病、殘、孕兔、哺乳母兔、仔幼免都要適當(dāng)照顧，每天喂食4-5次;對病免要單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)和，防止傳染。八要注意籠舍的方向和大小。夏朝東，冬朝南，兔籠長度大于兔體長的3倍，高出免體1.5倍。九要注意防止兔受三怕:一怕驚嚇，二怕潮濕，三怕曝曬。
One must pay attention to preventing diseases. Secondly, it is important to choose the right breed of rabbits. Pay attention to timely selection and matching. Attention should be paid to rabbit breeding management, and both males and females should not be fed too fat or too thin. During the mating period, male rabbits should increase their feed intake by 25% and be fed with appropriate amounts of beans and barley malt. Female rabbits should also be given timely nutrition to promote estrus and prevent stillbirth. Pay attention to the management of young rabbits. We should do a good job in the birth, feeding, weaning, and grouping management of female rabbits (separate feeding of large and small rabbits, with 15 rabbits per square meter). Pay attention to the diversification of feed. Pay attention to providing special meals for rabbits with special circumstances. During feeding, appropriate care should be taken for the elderly, weak, sick, disabled, pregnant rabbits, nursing mothers, and young rabbits, feeding them 4-5 times a day; Disease control should be raised and treated separately to prevent transmission. Pay attention to the direction and size of the cage. Summer faces east, winter faces south, and the length of the rabbit cage is greater than three times the length of the rabbit's body and 1.5 times higher than the free body. Nine precautions should be taken to prevent rabbits from being afraid of three things: first, being scared, second, being damp, and third, being exposed to sunlight.
科學(xué)采毛
Scientific hair harvesting
選擇合適的采毛時間和采毛方法，不僅能提高兔毛的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量，還有利于種兔的配種繁殖。另外，適當(dāng)縮短長毛免采毛的間隔時間，還可以增加長毛兔的年產(chǎn)毛量。長毛兔的采毛方法主要有剪毛和拔毛2種，拔毛又分為拔光和拔長留短2類。不同種類的長毛兔，采用的拔毛方法也不一樣，粗毛型兔宜采用手拔毛，絨毛型兔則以剪毛為好。采用剪毛方式來毛，速度快、省時間，對幼兔、母兔沒有不良影響，采用拔長留短則可以提高優(yōu)級毛數(shù)量，而采用拔光的方法既可以提高粗毛質(zhì)量，還可以提高產(chǎn)毛總產(chǎn)量。
Choosing the appropriate hair harvesting time and method can not only improve the yield and quality of rabbit hair, but also facilitate the breeding and reproduction of breeding rabbits. In addition, appropriately shortening the interval between long haired rabbits without hair harvesting can also increase the annual hair production of long haired rabbits. There are two main methods for harvesting the fur of long haired rabbits: shearing and plucking, which can be further divided into two categories: plucking the fur completely and plucking the long and leaving the short. Different types of long haired rabbits use different methods of plucking their fur. Coarse haired rabbits should be plucked by hand, while hairy rabbits should be pruned. Using shearing method for hair production is fast, time-saving, and has no adverse effects on young and female rabbits. Pulling out the long and leaving the short can increase the quantity of high-quality hair, while using the method of pulling out the light can not only improve the quality of coarse hair, but also increase the total yield of hair production.
采毛時，一般從背部中線開始，由后向前推剪，依次為體側(cè)、臀部、頸部、頜下、頭部、腹部和四肢，也可以按照習(xí)慣進(jìn)行。需要提醒的是，不能傷到長毛兔的皮膚，尤其是母兔的乳頭，防止粗暴拔毛，萬一失手傷到皮膚，應(yīng)立即搽碘酒、止血。剪毛要一刀剪斷，不剪二茬毛，以免降低兔毛等級。采毛時要邊采毛邊分級，將兔毛按級存放和保管。季節(jié)不同，采毛方法也不相同，夏季剪毛方式，剪毛盡量選擇早、晚涼爽時進(jìn)行，冬季采用拔毛方式，對于妊娠的母兔，還應(yīng)留下腹毛。另外，采毛的器械還要注意，病兔剪毛必須單獨(dú)進(jìn)行，以防止皮膚病及其他傳染病傳播。
When collecting hair, it is generally started from the midline of the back, pushed and cut from back to front, in order of the body side, buttocks, neck, submandibular area, head, abdomen, and limbs. It can also be done according to habits. It should be noted that the skin of long haired rabbits, especially the nipples of female rabbits, should not be injured to prevent rough plucking. In case of accidental skin injury, iodine solution should be immediately applied for disinfection and hemostasis. To cut the rabbit hair, one should cut it with one knife, not two strands, in order to avoid lowering the grade of the rabbit hair. When collecting fur, it is necessary to classify the raw edges and store and preserve the rabbit fur according to the grade. The methods of harvesting fur vary depending on the season. In summer, it is best to prune the fur, preferably in the cool early or late hours. In winter, it is best to pluck the fur. For pregnant female rabbits, abdominal fur should also be left behind. In addition, the equipment used for hair collection should also be disinfected, and the shearing of diseased rabbits must be done separately to prevent the spread of skin diseases and other infectious diseases.
四、病害防治
4、 Disease prevention and control
1、堅持自繁自養(yǎng)，新購?fù)酶綦x觀察為了防止傳染病的侵入，是自繁自養(yǎng)，確需引種時，要從非疫區(qū)購買。購入后隔離飼養(yǎng)2周以上，確認(rèn)無病后方可放入兔場飼養(yǎng)。
1. Adhere to self breeding and self raising, and isolate newly purchased rabbits for observation. In order to prevent the invasion of infectious diseases, it is best to self breed and self raise. If introduction is necessary, it should be purchased from non epidemic areas. After purchase, isolate and raise for more than 2 weeks, and confirm that there is no disease before putting it into the rabbit farm for breeding.
2、搞好衛(wèi)生衛(wèi)生是防病的重要一環(huán)，通過以減少和消滅環(huán)境中的病原體，切斷傳播途徑。飼養(yǎng)人員要求在更衣、換鞋、洗手后進(jìn)入兔舍，進(jìn)入場區(qū)的大門口應(yīng)設(shè)池。外來工具、物品要經(jīng)后再使用，常用工具及時清洗和曬。免舍、兔籠要堅持每天清掃一次，每周帶免一次。
2. Good hygiene and disinfection is an important part of disease prevention. Through disinfection, pathogens in the environment can be reduced and eliminated, and transmission routes can be cut off. Breeding personnel are required to enter the rabbit house after changing clothes, shoes, and washing hands, and a disinfection pool should be set up at the entrance of the field. Foreign tools and items should be disinfected before use, and commonly used tools should be cleaned, disinfected, and sun dried in a timely manner. Free sheds and rabbit cages should be cleaned once a day and disinfected once a week.
3、搞好免疫免疫是控制傳染病發(fā)生的一種重要手段，免疫搞好了，疫病就能得到有效的控制。由于各地區(qū)、各免場的疫病流行情況不同，因此也就不可能有一個可供各地統(tǒng)一使用的免疫程序，這就需要各養(yǎng)免場在實踐中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，制定符合具體情況的免疫程序。下面是幾種常見病的免疫方法:
3. Improving immunity is an important means of controlling the occurrence of infectious diseases. Once immunity is improved, the disease can be effectively controlled. Due to the different epidemic situations in various regions and immunization sites, it is impossible to have a unified immunization program that can be used in different areas. This requires each immunization site to summarize their experience in practice and develop the best immunization program that is suitable for specific situations. Here are several common immunization methods for diseases:
兔瘟。仔兔40~45日齡皮下注射兔瘟蜂膠疫苗1筆升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，在60日齡時再加強(qiáng)免疫接種一次，以后每6個月免疫注射一次。若本病發(fā)生流行，在流行地區(qū)需加倍劑量免接種。兔巴氏桿菌病。仔兔斷奶后每只注射兔離巴氏桿菌苗1毫升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。魏氏梭菌病。斷奶仔兔皮下注射魏氏梭菌苗2毫升，以后每5~6個月免疫注射一次。大腸桿菌病。仔兔20日齡開始注射大腸桿菌多價菌，每次皮下注射1升，待仔兔斷奶后再免疫一次，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月免疫一次。
Rabbit plague. At 40-45 days of age, young rabbits are subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of rabbit plague propolis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Pasteurella dual vaccine. At 60 days of age, they will receive another booster immunization, and then every 6 months thereafter. If this disease spreads, double the dose of vaccination is required in the epidemic area. Rabbit Pasteurella disease. After weaning, each piglet rabbit is injected with 1 milliliter of rabbit free Bacillus subtilis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Bacillus subtilis conjugate vaccine, and then injected every 4 months thereafter. Clostridium difficile disease. Weaned rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 2 milliliters of Clostridium difficile vaccine, and then immunized every 5-6 months thereafter. Escherichia coli disease. Starting from 20 days old, the piglets were injected with multivalent Escherichia coli bacteria subcutaneously at a dose of 1 liter each time. After weaning, the piglets were immunized again subcutaneously at a dose of 2 milliliters, and then immunized every 4 months thereafter.
波氏桿菌病。仔兔18日齡皮下注射波氏桿菌病菌苗1升，一周后強(qiáng)化免疫，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。
Bordetella infection. 18 day old rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of Bacillus subtilis vaccine. One week later, they were strengthened with 2 milliliters of the vaccine and injected every 4 months thereafter.
葡萄球菌病。在母免配種前皮下注射葡萄球菌病菌苗2毫升，保護(hù)期為4個月。
Staphylococcus disease. Subcutaneous injection of 2 milliliters of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine before maternal mating, with a protection period of 4 months.
五、價值及其他
5、 Value and Others
安哥拉兔適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。在我國北方也科飼養(yǎng)。產(chǎn)毛量高，被毛密度大、細(xì)長、柔軟，有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，排列整齊，不易纏結(jié)。產(chǎn)毛量:公兔已達(dá)1720克，母免已達(dá)2036克。具有極高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。采毛時，一般從背部中線開始，由后向前推剪，依次為體側(cè)、臀部、頸部、頜下、頭部、腹部和四肢，也可以按照習(xí)慣進(jìn)行。需要提醒的是，不能傷到長毛兔的皮膚，尤其是母兔的乳頭，防止粗暴拔毛，萬一失手傷到皮膚，應(yīng)立即搽碘酒、止血。剪毛要一刀剪斷，不剪二茬毛，以免降低兔毛等級。采毛時要邊采毛邊分級，將兔毛按級存放和保管。季節(jié)不同，采毛方法也不相同，夏季剪毛方式，剪毛盡量選擇早、晚涼爽時進(jìn)行，冬季采用拔毛方式，對于妊娠的母兔，還應(yīng)留下腹毛。另外，采毛的器械還要注意，病兔剪毛必須單獨(dú)進(jìn)行，以防止皮膚病及其他傳染病傳播。
Angora rabbits have strong adaptability. It is also domesticated in northern China. High hair production, dense, slender, and soft coat, with a tuft structure arranged neatly and not easily tangled. The highest yield of wool: male rabbits have reached 1720 grams, and female rabbits have reached 2036 grams. Has extremely high economic value. When collecting hair, it is generally started from the midline of the back, pushed and cut from back to front, in order of the body side, buttocks, neck, submandibular area, head, abdomen, and limbs. It can also be done according to habits. It should be noted that the skin of long haired rabbits, especially the nipples of female rabbits, should not be injured to prevent rough plucking. In case of accidental skin injury, iodine solution should be immediately applied for disinfection and hemostasis. To cut the rabbit hair, one should cut it with one knife, not two strands, in order to avoid lowering the grade of the rabbit hair. When collecting fur, it is necessary to classify the raw edges and store and preserve the rabbit fur according to the grade. The methods of harvesting fur vary depending on the season. In summer, it is best to prune the fur, preferably in the cool early or late hours. In winter, it is best to pluck the fur. For pregnant female rabbits, abdominal fur should also be left behind. In addition, the equipment used for hair collection should also be disinfected, and the shearing of diseased rabbits must be done separately to prevent the spread of skin diseases and other infectious diseases.
四、病害防治
4、 Disease prevention and control
1、堅持自繁自養(yǎng)，新購?fù)酶綦x觀察為了防止傳染病的侵入，是自繁自養(yǎng)，確需引種時，要從非疫區(qū)購買。購入后隔離飼養(yǎng)2周以上，確認(rèn)無病后方可放入兔場飼養(yǎng)。
1. Adhere to self breeding and self raising, and isolate newly purchased rabbits for observation. In order to prevent the invasion of infectious diseases, it is best to self breed and self raise. If introduction is necessary, it should be purchased from non epidemic areas. After purchase, isolate and raise for more than 2 weeks, and confirm that there is no disease before putting it into the rabbit farm for breeding.
2、搞好衛(wèi)生衛(wèi)生是防病的重要一環(huán)，通過以減少和消滅環(huán)境中的病原體，切斷傳播途徑。飼養(yǎng)人員要求在更衣、換鞋、洗手后進(jìn)入兔舍，進(jìn)入場區(qū)的大門口應(yīng)設(shè)池。外來工具、物品要經(jīng)后再使用，常用工具及時清洗和曬。免舍、兔籠要堅持每天清掃一次，每周帶免一次。
2. Good hygiene and disinfection is an important part of disease prevention. Through disinfection, pathogens in the environment can be reduced and eliminated, and transmission routes can be cut off. Breeding personnel are required to enter the rabbit house after changing clothes, shoes, and washing hands, and a disinfection pool should be set up at the entrance of the field. Foreign tools and items should be disinfected before use, and commonly used tools should be cleaned, disinfected, and sun dried in a timely manner. Free sheds and rabbit cages should be cleaned once a day and disinfected once a week.
3、搞好免疫免疫是控制傳染病發(fā)生的一種重要手段，免疫搞好了，疫病就能得到有效的控制。由于各地區(qū)、各免場的疫病流行情況不同，因此也就不可能有一個可供各地統(tǒng)一使用的免疫程序，這就需要各養(yǎng)免場在實踐中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，制定符合具體情況的免疫程序。下面是幾種常見病的免疫方法:
3. Improving immunity is an important means of controlling the occurrence of infectious diseases. Once immunity is improved, the disease can be effectively controlled. Due to the different epidemic situations in various regions and immunization sites, it is impossible to have a unified immunization program that can be used in different areas. This requires each immunization site to summarize their experience in practice and develop the best immunization program that is suitable for specific situations. Here are several common immunization methods for diseases:
兔瘟。仔兔40~45日齡皮下注射兔瘟蜂膠疫苗1筆升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，在60日齡時再加強(qiáng)免疫接種一次，以后每6個月免疫注射一次。若本病發(fā)生流行，在流行地區(qū)需加倍劑量免接種。兔巴氏桿菌病。仔兔斷奶后每只注射兔離巴氏桿菌苗1毫升或兔瘟-巴氏桿菌二聯(lián)苗2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。魏氏梭菌病。斷奶仔兔皮下注射魏氏梭菌苗2毫升，以后每5~6個月免疫注射一次。大腸桿菌病。仔兔20日齡開始注射大腸桿菌多價菌，每次皮下注射1升，待仔兔斷奶后再免疫一次，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月免疫一次。
Rabbit plague. At 40-45 days of age, young rabbits are subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of rabbit plague propolis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Pasteurella dual vaccine. At 60 days of age, they will receive another booster immunization, and then every 6 months thereafter. If this disease spreads, double the dose of vaccination is required in the epidemic area. Rabbit Pasteurella disease. After weaning, each piglet rabbit is injected with 1 milliliter of rabbit free Bacillus subtilis vaccine or 2 milliliters of rabbit plague Bacillus subtilis conjugate vaccine, and then injected every 4 months thereafter. Clostridium difficile disease. Weaned rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 2 milliliters of Clostridium difficile vaccine, and then immunized every 5-6 months thereafter. Escherichia coli disease. Starting from 20 days old, the piglets were injected with multivalent Escherichia coli bacteria subcutaneously at a dose of 1 liter each time. After weaning, the piglets were immunized again subcutaneously at a dose of 2 milliliters, and then immunized every 4 months thereafter.
波氏桿菌病。仔兔18日齡皮下注射波氏桿菌病菌苗1升，一周后強(qiáng)化免疫，皮下注射2毫升，以后每4個月注射一次。
Bordetella infection. 18 day old rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 1 liter of Bacillus subtilis vaccine. One week later, they were strengthened with 2 milliliters of the vaccine and injected every 4 months thereafter.
葡萄球菌病。在母免配種前皮下注射葡萄球菌病菌苗2毫升，保護(hù)期為4個月。
Staphylococcus disease. Subcutaneous injection of 2 milliliters of Staphylococcus aureus vaccine before maternal mating, with a protection period of 4 months.
五、價值及其他
5、 Value and Others
安哥拉兔適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。在我國北方也科飼養(yǎng)。產(chǎn)毛量高，被毛密度大、細(xì)長、柔軟，有毛叢結(jié)構(gòu)，排列整齊，不易纏結(jié)。產(chǎn)毛量:公兔已達(dá)1720克，母免已達(dá)2036克。具有極高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。
Angora rabbits have strong adaptability. It is also domesticated in northern China. High hair production, dense, slender, and soft coat, with a tuft structure arranged neatly and not easily tangled. The highest yield of wool: male rabbits have reached 1720 grams, and female rabbits have reached 2036 grams. Has extremely high economic value.
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